據(jù)彭博新聞社社2020年11月18日利雅得報道，全球最大的石油出口國沙特阿拉伯已將其目光投向還要成為世界最大的氫燃料供應國。氫燃料被視為遏制氣候變化的關(guān)鍵。

沙特阿拉伯能源大臣薩勒曼王子11月18日在利雅得舉行的新聞發(fā)布會上說，沙特阿拉伯有“雄心勃勃的”計劃，沙特阿拉伯作為地球上最大的氫出口國的記錄將不會受到挑戰(zhàn)。

薩勒曼王子說，沙特阿拉伯龐大的天然氣儲量使其能夠生產(chǎn)藍色氫。藍色氫指的是天然氣在捕獲二氧化碳副產(chǎn)品的過程中進行重整時產(chǎn)生的一種燃料。今年9月份，沙特阿拉伯向日本運送了世界上第一批藍色氫，這些藍色氫已被轉(zhuǎn)換為氨。

沙特阿拉伯還計劃從2025年開始，在紅海上正在興建的未來城市Neom耗資50億美元的設施中，從太陽能生產(chǎn)氫，也就是所謂的綠色氫。

通過向已經(jīng)生產(chǎn)和銷售的原油中添加氫氣，沙特阿拉伯希望保持其作為重要能源供應國的地位，包括向那些正在擺脫排放污染的化石燃料的國家提供氫。

然而，氫的生產(chǎn)需要大量的能源，這使得氫的價格昂貴，而且運輸也很困難。根據(jù)國際能源署的數(shù)據(jù)，每公斤綠色氫氣的價格在3.50歐元(4.15美元)到5.00歐元之間。相比之下，生產(chǎn)所謂灰色或棕色氫氣的傳統(tǒng)工藝只需1.5歐元左右/公斤。生產(chǎn)藍色氫的成本介于這兩者之間。

李峻 編譯自 彭博社

原文如下：

Saudi Arabia Seeks to Become Top Hydrogen Exporter

The world’s biggest oil exporter has set its sights on also becoming the largest supplier of hydrogen, a fuel seen as pivotal for curbing climate change.

Saudi Arabia has “ambitious” plans and “will not be challenged in its record of being the biggest exporter of hydrogen on earth,” Energy Minister Prince Abdulaziz bin Salman said at a news briefing in Riyadh.

The kingdom’s large natural gas reserves enable it to produce blue hydrogen, he said, referring to a form of the fuel that’s made when gas is reformed in a process that captures the carbon dioxide byproduct. In September, the country shipped the world’s first cargo of blue hydrogen, which was converted into ammonia.

The kingdom also plans to generate hydrogen from solar power -- so-called green hydrogen -- at a $5 billion facility in Neom, a futuristic city being built on the Red Sea, starting in 2025.

By adding hydrogen to the crude oil it already produces and sells, Saudi Arabia hopes to preserve its role as an important energy supplier, including to countries shifting away from pollution-emitting fossil fuels.

Yet, hydrogen requires plenty of energy to produce, making it expensive, and is also difficult to transport. Green hydrogen costs between 3.50 euros ($4.15) and 5.00 euros per kilogram, according to the International Energy Agency. That compares with around 1.5 euros for the conventional, dirtier process that produces so-called grey or brown hydrogen. The cost of producing blue hydrogen lies in between these two.

來源：中國石化新聞網(wǎng)